Australia Transportation Information

Transportation in Australia

Getting There & Away | Getting Around Australia | Trains | Pubplic Transport | Journey Times
Getting There & Away
Virtually all visitors to Australia arrive by air. The main international airports are Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, followed by Perth, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin and Cairns. There are plenty of connections to Asia, Europe and the USA, but Australia's remoteness makes flights relatively expensive and long. Many flights are heavily booked, so make plans well in advance. Departure tax on international flights is US$19. This tax is usually included with the price of your airline ticket.
Getting Around Australia
Australia is so vast (and so empty in places) that something like 80% of long-distance trips by public transport are made by air. For many years, Qantas and Ansett monopolised the domestic scene and a cosy cooperation between the two ensured that domestic air travel remained relatively expensive. Recently Ansett and the regional airlines it owned have either collapsed or run a skeleton service, while upstart airlines have taken on Qantas, and there's a sense of competition in the air. Few people pay full fare for domestic air travel because the airlines offer a wide range of discounts, including random discounting and air passes.

There are several long-distance bus companies but only one truly national service, Greyhound Pioneer Australia. Buses are comfortable, but if you're travelling between major cities, be prepared for a long trip. Australia has a skeletal rail network linking all major cities except Darwin. Few people travel long-distances by train because it's usually the slowest mode of overland transport and remains relatively expensive (though it is generally more comfortable for overnight trips). Many visitors group together and hire or purchase a car. The latter can be an economical way of travelling around Australia, as long as you don't have too many mechanical failures. Highway 1 circumnavigates the continent, sticking close to the coast much of the way. Watch out for monstrous road trains (trucks with multiple trailers) on outback roads; naturally it's wise to give way to anything bigger than yourself.

Trains
The size and diversity of Australia makes for fabulous train journeys. Travel across glorious tropical stretches of Queensland or to the vast heart of the continent. Rail travel is available from budget to luxury.
Most capital cities have fast and reliable commuter trains. Regional, interstate and key rail journey services also operate from the major cities. Some of the rail services offered by the states include:

New South Wales
CityRail serves the Sydney metropolitan area. CityRail also offers sightseeing trips to destinations in outer Sydney including the Blue Mountains and Central Coast. Sydney’s main station is Central Railway Station on Eddy Avenue.

Countrylink is the long-distance passenger rail operator for New South Wales and has daily services connecting major east coast cities. Countrylink also has popular rail holidays that combine rail travel with accommodation and touring options.

Victoria
Melbourne has two major rail stations. Flinders Street is for local metropolitan lines and Spencer Street for all country and interstate services. Melbourne also has an extensive metropolitan train and tram service.
V/Line is the regional public transport provider for rail and road coach services in Victoria. Train services operate to the major regional centres of Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo, Seymour and Traralgon and many other centres. V/Line coach services connect with the trains to provide a coordinated public transport network within the state.

Queensland
Brisbane’s rail network provides smooth and efficient travel throughout the city and suburbs. The two main stations are Central and Roma Street.

There are also long-distance rail routes that allow extensive travel throughout the state. Queensland Rail provides coastal, scenic and outback services as well as holiday and tour packages.

Western Australia
Transperth serves the Perth area. The major attractions of Perth are all accessible by the metropolitan rail service. An electric tram runs from the city to historic Fremantle. A range of tours incorporating rail and coach travel is available.

South Australia
Adelaide has a comprehensive network of suburban rail services provided by TransAdelaide. There is also a tram that operates from the city to Glenelg on the coast. The regional and interstate rail terminal is located at Keswick.

Touring by train
Touring around Australia by train is easy and affordable. A range of affordable and flexible rail passes give travellers the opportunity to see large regions of Australia first hand. Contact your travel agent for details.

Great train journeys
With The Ghan, the Indian-Pacific, Great South-Pacific Express and the Queenslander, Australian train journeys are world class.

The Indian-Pacific travels the width of the continent from Sydney to Perth via Adelaide. It is the world’s second-longest train journey after the Orient Express. It takes three days and nights. Crossing some of the most diverse and spectacular country in the world, the Indian-Pacific operates twice a week year-round. The train travels through rural New South Wales to Adelaide, then crosses the Nullarbor Plain and the famous ‘long straight’ of 478 kilometres of unbending track.

The Ghan leaves Melbourne on Wednesdays and Sydney on Sundays. It is named after the Afghan camel traders who worked the Alice Springs route in the 1920s. Now a very comfortable and particularly stylish journey, it connects Sydney and Melbourne (via Adelaide) with Alice Springs. The journey takes two days and two nights and travels through ancient mountain ranges and the red-baked earth of the Simpson Desert.

The Great South-Pacific Express (an addition to the renowned Orient-Express Trains and Cruises group) offers trips from Sydney to Cairns, Brisbane to Cairns, Sydney to Canberra and Brisbane to Sydney. The complete journey covers 3,000 kilometres of Australia’s east coast.

The train has been furnished in a Victorian/Edwardian style with lavish silks, marble and polished timber. On the journey between Cairns and Brisbane, passengers are taken by helicopter or seaplane over the Great Barrier Reef to a private pontoon moored on the outer reef.

Other great train journeys include Spirit of the Outback (Brisbane to Longreach), the Queenslander (Brisbane-Cairns-Brisbane), and the Savannahlander (Cairns-Forsayth-Cairns).
Public Transport

All capital cities in Australia are served by a wide variety of public transport. From a ferry on the sparkling waters of Sydney Harbour to a tram ride through the elegant streets of Melbourne, you'll find public transport efficient, clean, reliable and affordable.

Sydney
Sydney Airport (Kingsford Smith) is located 10 kilometres south of the city. The domestic and international terminals are less than two kilometres apart and transfers are available between the two terminals.
Airport buses operate at frequent intervals from both terminals and serve the city and some suburbs, starting at $A7. There is also a reliable train service to the city, costing $A10 one way. A taxi to the city costs approximately $A30. Transfer time is about 25 minutes.

City travel options include trains, buses, ferries, monorail and light rail. There are also public transport options designed for visitors - the Explorer Bus, for example, follows a 28 kilometre route and stops at major attractions including the Sydney Opera House. You can hop on and off as often as you like.

A Sydney Pass provides flexibility and choice, including unlimited train, bus and ferry travel, as well as access to certain harbour cruises and bus tours. You can travel by bus as far north as Palm Beach, take the Rivercat to the site of the 2000 Olympics at Homebush, or go for a swim at Bondi Beach.

One of the joys of Sydney is catching a ferry. For a few dollars you can enjoy one of the most beautiful harbours in the world. Ferries depart regularly from points around the harbour. Circular Quay is the main terminal.

Melbourne
Melbourne Airport (Tullamarine) is located 20 kilometres north-west of the city. There is no train service to the airport. Skybus fare is $A13 per one way or $A22 for roundtrip. Skybus operates 24 hours, with express 15 minute departures and complimentary hotel connections.
A taxi costs about $A40-45. Travel to the city takes about 30 minutes.

Melbourne is famous for its trams. Beside their charm as they trundle up and down city and suburban streets, they are also extremely efficient, cost-effective and a great way to get around. There is a free City Circle Tram that travels around Melbourne’s city centre throughout the day.

Trains serve the city and suburbs. Flinders Street station is the key terminus for metropolitan and suburban travel. A MET ticket gives access to all public transport.

Brisbane
Brisbane Airport is 13 kilometres from the city. There are separate international and domestic terminals. Regular bus transfers are available to the city centre and some suburbs. Transfers cost $A9 by bus and $A25 by taxi. There are also regular coach services that operate to the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast for about $A35. The Airtrain delivers visitors from Brisbane’s airports to the city in 22 minutes and the Gold Coast in 90 minutes. Cost is $A9 to Brisbane, $A18 to the Gold Coast.

There is a comprehensive and efficient rail and bus service in Brisbane that serves the city and suburbs. Brisbane is built on the Brisbane River, so there are regular ferry services. Ferries depart at regular intervals from Edward Street and Customs House. The ferry is an inexpensive way to see the city and surrounding areas.

A City Sights bus tour is another option. It stops at 18 locations around Brisbane.

Cairns
Cairns in Queensland is a popular destination for tourists. The airport is six kilometres from the city and is served by regular bus transfers. Costs are about $A7 by bus or $A15 by taxi.
Regular bus services also operate between Cairns and the various beach resorts located north and south of Cairns including Port Douglas, Palm Cove and Mission Beach.

Adelaide
Adelaide Airport is only seven kilometres from the city, and transfers cost about $A7 by bus or $A15 by taxi.
An efficient network of trains, buses and trams serve the city and suburbs. The O'Bahn, a special guided busway, operates between Adelaide and the northern suburb of Tea Tree Gully. A tram service operates between the city and Glenelg and is a pleasant way to get to the seaside. Free inner city buses operate daily.

Daily train services provide a picturesque journey through the nearby Barossa Valley wine country. The regional and interstate terminal is located at Keswick.

Darwin
Darwin Airport is located 12 kilometres from the city. Transfers cost $A6 by bus or $A20 by taxi. The journey takes about 15 minutes. While there are no rail services, a regular bus service provides efficient transport for the city and suburbs.

Alice Springs
Alice Springs is a popular tourist destination. The airport is located 17 kilometres to the south and transfers cost $A16 by bus and $A24 by taxi. Buses operate around town and to the suburbs

Perth
Perth Airport is 20 kilometres east of the city centre. Transfers cost about $A11 by bus or $A26 by taxi. Trains and buses, operated by Transperth, provide good daily services within the city and suburbs. A ferry operates between Barrack Street and South Perth. Free buses operate within the heart of the city.
The Perth Tram Explorer travels to many of city's popular attractions and you can hop on and off as you please.

Hobart
Hobart's airport is 22 kilometres from the city. Transfers cost about $A7 by bus and $A26 by taxi. An extensive bus network operated by Metro Tasmania serves Hobart city and suburbs. Rail services in Tasmania are primarily used for freight and limited tourist services.
The passenger and vehicle ship the Spirit of Tasmania departs Melbourne for Devonport, on Tasmania’s north coast, three times weekly. Extra sailings are available at peak periods. The overnight crossing takes 14 hours. Fares include accommodation, breakfast and dinner.

From December to April, the catamaran Devil Cat travels between Melbourne and George Town. The journey takes six hours.


Journey Times
Australia is a vast continent full of amazing sights. If you're here on a short trip, you may prefer to travel by air. Australia’s domestic airlines provide extensive coverage allowing you to hop quickly between cities and sights. Or if you prefer a more leisurely pace, travel by rail or road. Australia has a vast network of well-maintained roads and highways with some of the most beautiful road touring in the world. Vehicle hire is simple. And all cities, except Darwin and Hobart, are linked by a rail network.

From To Road distance Road distance Air Coach Rail Sea
    Kilometers Miles Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs
Adelaide Broken Hill 508 315 1.10 17 7 n/a
Adelaide Alice Springs 1533 952 2.00 19 20 n/a
Adelaide Perth 2706 1680 3.10 34 38 n/a
Adelaide Brisbane 2045 1270 2.45 33 40 n/a
Alice Springs Uluru 443 275 0.40 6 n/a n/a
Brisbane Sydney 965 600 1.20 15 15 n/a
Brisbane Melbourne 1674 1039 2.10 25 25 n/a
Cairns Brisbane 1716 1065 2.05 28 30 n/a
Canberra Melbourne 648 402 1.00 10 9 n/a
Darwin Alice Springs 1489 924 1.55 19 n/a n/a
Darwin Kakadu 200 124 n/a 4 n/a n/a
Melbourne Hobart 610 378 1.10 n/a n/a n/a
Melbourne Adelaide 731 454 1.05 10 12 n/a
Melbourne Devonport n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 14
Melbourne Perth 3434 2132 4.00 44 50 n/a
Sydney Adelaide 1412 877 1.40 22 25 n/a
Sydney Canberra 286 177 0.45 5 4 n/a
Sydney Melbourne 872 542 1.10 14 10 n/a
Sydney Perth 4110 2552 4.00 56 65 n/a
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